A Bit of Progress: Diamonds Shatter Quantum Information Storage Record

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Researchers show how to store quantum bits at room temperature using a less complex process for seconds at a time

By John Matson ?| March 12, 2012?|

DIAMONDS ARE FOREVER: Qubits in diamond may not last forever, but they do last a long time by quantum-physics standards. Physicists have figured out a way to encode quantum information onto a single carbon atom in a synthetic diamond for more than one second. (The diamond pictured above is for illustration purposes only.) Image: ? Roydee/iStockphoto

BOSTON?The quantum world and the everyday world of human experience are supposed to be two different realms. Quantum effects, as demonstrated in the lab, are usually confined to the tiniest scales. They last for imperceptibly brief instants. And they appear mostly in highly controlled systems operating at cryogenic temperatures near absolute zero.

But experimental physicists are pushing across the assumed divide between the quantum and the ordinary by demonstrating quantum effects in more familiar environments. Now a group of researchers has furthered that cause by encoding quantum information into a room-temperature solid for time spans that can be ticked off on a stopwatch. The new quantum memory scheme can store information for more than a second, which extends by orders of magnitude the lifetime of information encoded as a quantum bit, or qubit, on a particle at ordinary temperatures. The American, German and British researchers have only just submitted the research to a peer-reviewed journal, but here in late February they presented their findings to a meeting of the American Physical Society.

A qubit, much like an ordinary bit in commonplace electronic devices, has a 0 state and a 1 state. But unlike a classical bit, a qubit can be in a so-called superposition of 0 and 1. That property, along with other phenomena such as quantum entanglement, means that quantum computers based on qubits would be phenomenally powerful?that is, if a practical machine could ever be built.

But that power comes at a price. A qubit can easily be corrupted by outside influences such as heat and magnetic fields. Physicists have produced long-lived qubits by all but eliminating such noise, confining individual atoms to vacuum traps or cooling them nearly to absolute zero. But some research groups have been trying to design qubits that can operate in solid-state systems at room temperature?to make a qubit, in short, that can survive in the world of the bit.

In the latest advance on that front, the research groups of Mikhail Lukin of Harvard University and Ignacio Cirac of the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany, and their colleagues encoded long-lived quantum information in the spin of a single-atom impurity in a synthetically produced diamond. Spin is a quantum property akin to the pointing of a particle's internal bar magnet, either up or down, representing 1 or 0.

The experimental quantum-grade diamond is 99.99 percent pure carbon 12, the most common isotope of the element. But the crystal also contains a small amount of the heavier isotope carbon 13 as well as implanted nitrogen ions that form defects in the diamond lattice known as nitrogen vacancy centers. Both impurities have certain quantum benefits.

Each, for example, features an intrinsic spin with a special talent. The nitrogen ion has an associated electron whose spin state is readily detectable by shining laser light on the nitrogen vacancy center. The carbon 13's nuclear spin state remains stable for long intervals.

The researchers figured out a way to combine these two attributes. Their approach uses the carbon 13 to store information for long periods of time and the nitrogen ion as a readout.

The scientists located an area in the diamond where a carbon 13 and a nitrogen ion are only about two nanometers apart. At that distance the spin of the nitrogen ion's electron and that of the nearby carbon nucleus couple together?the electron acts as a tiny magnetometer that reflects the carbon 13's nuclear spin state. By hitting the nitrogen vacancy center with laser light, the researchers can measure the electron's spin and, by extension, the spin of the carbon 13 nucleus.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=c5d8fddae5ca99c536443ef1c94980c6

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More Breast Cancer Patients Choosing Double Mastectomy ? Article ...

Wake Forest researchers have recently published a study into a recent tumor surgery trend-choosing to remove both breasts. Although research states that breast cancer survivors are not likely to discover cancer in their other breast after surgery, many women are choosing to have a bilateral mastectomy.

?Some [patients] still believe [bilateral mastectomy] is what is best for them, even after we talk about the implications, potential drawbacks and no increased odds of survival? says Dr. Judith Hopkins, an oncologist at Forsyth. ?It is a patient-driven decision, and not a medical-driven decision, in most cases; some plastic surgeons say that reconstruction is easier on the patient when both breasts are done at the same time.?

Anna Eichhorn, executive director of the Triad chapter of the Susan G. Komen Foundation, said she has seen young women decide on a bilateral mastectomy ?to be done with everything and not risk getting cancer again.?

A mastectomy is a surgery designed to remove cancerous breast tissue, and hopefully prevent the spread of cancerous cells. Breast cancer patients may also choose to have a lumpectomy, which only removes the tumor and a small amount of the surrounding healthy tissue. This allows for much of the breast to be saved. When choosing a mastectomy, their doctor may recommend one of the five types: radical, modified radical, simple (sometimes called total), skin-sparing, or nipple-sparing mastectomies. Women are not likely to die from breast cancer alone. Its adverse affects can often be halted with surgery and radiation or chemotherapy before the cancerous cells reach the lungs, bone or brain.

Bilateral or ?double? mastectomies involve the removal of both breasts? tissues, which is usually done as a preventative measure. Previously, only women with the breast cancer gene (mutated BRCA1 or 2) were recommended for double mastectomies, as the removal of both breasts is often psychologically and physiologically traumatizing for the patient. However, for men or women with the gene, their risk of cancer is high enough (up to 87% in some cases) that they are often recommended for this drastic surgery. If a patient?s close family member (mother daughter, or sister) has had breast cancer, doctors recommend being tested for the mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.

More breast cancer patients are choosing the more invasive bilateral mastectomy for their tumor treatment. Usually doctors only recommend this type of breast cancer care for patients with a family history of breast cancer, especially if they have the BRCA gene. Younger women are choosing this option to ?be done with everything and not risk getting cancer again.?

Author:

Julia Mulline is a medical writer based out of Vancouver BC. She recommends CanadaDrugsOnline.com, a licensed Canadian pharmacy to buy Femara or generic Femara or other cancer medications.

Source: http://www.article-directory.seo-mart.com/health-care/more-breast-cancer-patients-choosing-double-mastectomy/

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Increased Emphasis on Modernization Will Boost the Chinese Software Market, Finds Netscribes

Mumbai, India, March 11, 2012 --( PR.com )-- Netscribes (India) Pvt. Ltd., a knowledge consulting solutions company, announces the launch of its report, Software Market in China 2012. The market is poised to demonstrate robust growth...

Mumbai, India, March 11, 2012 --(PR.com)-- Netscribes (India) Pvt. Ltd., a knowledge consulting solutions company, announces the launch of its report, Software Market in China 2012. The market is poised to demonstrate robust growth of 20% CAGR during 2010-15.

The report begins with the introduction of software industry covering major types of software followed by the historical evolution of China?s software industry. The market overview section provides global software market size with growth potential for the period of 2010 and 2015. Domestic software market overview also delves into the market size and growth potential for the same period along with a split of sub-sectors and major software hubs in China. The report finds that four cities located in eastern China contribute more than half of total software output in China.

The report finds that China being the world?s 2nd largest economy after US, acts as a key growth driver for its software market. China has the largest consumer base of internet and mobile phone users in the world which provides high impetus for the growth in China?s software market. With increased adoption of e-commerce making financial transactions online, there is a rising need for payment gateways and other related software platforms driving the software industry in China. Rise in disposable income is an important driver for promoting the use of expensive genuine software. Largely untapped rural markets with low-cost services and appropriate business models act as a compelling factor in the growth of Chinese software market. Wave of computerization and automation both in public and private sectors is driving the growth of software market in China.Over 10,000 computer scientists graduate every year, depicting strong growth potential for software market.

The players operating in the market also face challenges that impede the market growth and its development. Major challenges identified in the report include language barrier, software piracy, lack of intellectual property rights protection, high costs of entry, government emphasis on the hardware sector, and software bug.

The report provides the role of government in the country?s software sector one of them being measures adopted to cut down software piracy. It further mentions the imposition of tariffs and standards for the benefit of China?s software sector. 12th five year plan (2011-2015) for the Chinese software market along with some major national policies impacting the sector are also covered in the report.

Emerging trends in the software market include declining software piracy, rapid development, and increasing mergers & acquisitions.

Opportunities section in the report elaborates on the opportunities in applications development, enterprise software and IT consultancy and outsourcing sector.

The competition section outlays the competitive landscape of the software industry in China briefing about the domestic and foreign players existing in the market. This section provides a three dimensional analysis of key players? revenues, profits and market capitalization. The report also features brief profiles of major domestic and foreign players in the market and a snapshot of their corporation, financial performance, business highlights and their product portfolio, providing an insight into the existing competitive scenario.

Some of the key statistics or factors impacting the software market in China covered in the report includes global software market size, domestic software market size, domestic software sales growth, sub-sector wise and region wise revenue composition, share of major cities in software industry output, export growth of the software and software outsourcing services, share of export to output, China?s GDP growth, internet population, mobile phone population, top five countries in terms of both internet and mobile phone usage, smart phones market size, market size and growth in e-commerce, urban per capita disposable income, 10 most popular languages used on the internet, commercial value of unlicensed software in China, declining software piracy rate, declining losses due to piracy, rapid growth of operating revenues in data processing & operating services, IT consulting & management services, software product, and embedded system software sectors, revenues of top 100 software co., etc.

The next section enlists the mergers & acquisitions of the major players in software market in China during 2010-12.

Key takeaways section summarizes the entire market in terms of opportunities, trends and challenges persisting in the software market in China.

For more details on the content of each report and ordering information please contact:

Jitendra Punjabi
Tel: +91-33-4064-6215
Email: jitendra.punjabi@netscribes.com
About Netscribes (India) Pvt. Ltd.

###

Contact Information:
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netscribes.com

Click here to read the full story: Increased Emphasis on Modernization Will Boost the Chinese Software Market, Finds Netscribes

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Source: http://news.brothersoft.com/increased-emphasis-on-modernization-will-boost-the-chinese-software-market-finds-netscribes-52306.html

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Wet Hawaii weather brings hail, dampens vacations

HONOLULU (AP) ? For about a week, Hawaii's famous sunny weather has been replaced with thunderstorms, large pieces of hail, and the arrival of what weather officials say was the first tornado in four years to hit the islands.

The tornado formed as a waterspout offshore. After 7 a.m., it pushed more than a mile inland, tearing off part of a roof and carrying it several hundred yards through the coastal town and Honolulu suburb of Kailua. No one was injured.

A 30-minute hail storm Friday over windward Oahu was "unprecedented," for Hawaii, said Tom Birchard, senior meteorologist for the National Weather Service in Honolulu. Not only is it highly unusual for hail to fall over Hawaii, but some stones that measured as large as three inches are likely record-breaking, he said.

Small stones were reported to have fallen on other islands over the course of about a week of heavy rains that closed schools, caused sewage spills, flooded homes and dampened vacations. There were landslides, power outages and roads blocked by trees, boulders and mud.

Thunderstorms were in Friday's forecast but heavy rains were expected to subside by Saturday.

It's the tail end of Hawaii's rainy season. "The rain is not all that unusual but the hail and strength of the thunderstorms are unusual," he said.

The weather service estimates the tornado had wind speeds of 60 to 70 miles per hour and stretched 20 yards wide. The twister damaged or destroyed several roofs and toppled trees and power lines.

The last tornado to hit Hawaii was a waterspout that traveled from the ocean over Kauai's south side in 2008. The same thing happened on Lanai in 2006. Both caused less damage, however, as they struck less densely populated areas.

The weather service was still compiling total rainfall amounts but Birchard said records will likely be broken. For the seven-day period ending Friday, the highest rainfall level was nearly 46 inches in Hanalei on Kauai.

Visitors to tourism-dependent Hawaii were urged to check weather advisories and warnings and to follow all recommendations. "As the storm continues to pass through our Hawaiian islands, we remain open for business," said Hawaii Tourism Authority President and CEO Mike McCartney.

Mike Zellman was hoping to trade cold weather in Hamburg, Germany, with sunshine in Hawaii. He and his wife, clad in windbreakers, spent Friday afternoon at the state Capitol and planned to take refuge from the showers in a Honolulu shopping center.

"In the morning, we wanted to go to Diamond Head but it was closed because of the wonderful weather," he said sarcastically. The weather has affected "everything" during their three days on Oahu so far: "Beach time. Nature time. The landscape," he said.

While there were reports of hotels crowded by guests stranded from canceled flights, George Costa, director of Kauai's Office of Economic Development, said hotels were faring well as rain subsided Friday. "There are several road closures due to landslides and most of the inconvenience is being experienced by the resort staff not being able to report to work," he said.

Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told a crowd at U.S. Pacific Command headquarters for a ceremony that it was nice to be in Hawaii, "rain and all."

"The rain here is not the same as it is elsewhere, It has a different flavor to it," he said. The ceremony was moved indoors to an auditorium.

Gov. Neil Abercrombie declared a disaster for Oahu and neighboring Kauai, which were the first islands to see the brunt of the storms starting last weekend. Since Monday, nearly 100,000 gallons of a heavy mixture of storm water and untreated wastewater spilled into streams during five different sewer spills on Oahu, city officials said.

As the weather system moved on to Maui and Molokai, residents also dealt with flooded homes and blocked roads. The Department of Water Supply advised central and south Maui to boil water before drinking as a precaution avoid possible contamination with rainwater.

The Coast Guard warned mariners to brace the vessels for gusty trades forecast for into next week. A small craft advisory was issued for all waters around the islands, which will be vulnerable to a line of thunderstorms producing strong winds of nearly 40 mph or greater and possible waterspouts.

At least six boats broke away from their moorings within the past week and one boat sank after being struck by lightning Monday.

______

Associated Press writers Audrey McAvoy and Treena Shapiro contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/wet-hawaii-weather-brings-hail-dampens-vacations-201225915.html

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